Ertugrul Ghazi: The Father of the Ottoman Empire
Ertugrul Ghazi was a 13th-century Turkish warrior who is widely regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Empire, one of the largest and longest-lasting empires in history. He was the leader of the Kayi tribe of the Oghuz Turks, who migrated from Central Asia to Anatolia to escape the Mongol invasions. He fought bravely against the enemies of Islam and established a principality in Sogut, a town on the border with the Byzantine Empire. He was also the father of Osman I, who succeeded him as the bey (chief) of the Kayis and expanded their domains into a vast empire that spanned three continents.
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Early life
Little is known for certain about Ertugrul's life, as most of the sources about him were written by later Ottoman historians who may have embellished or distorted some facts. According to Ottoman tradition, he was born in 1198 in Ahlat, a town in eastern Anatolia. He was the son of Suleyman Shah, the leader of the Kayi tribe, one of the 24 tribes of the Oghuz Turks. Some sources, however, suggest that he may have been the son of Gunduz Alp, another Kayi chief.
Ertugrul grew up in a turbulent time, as the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, which ruled most of Anatolia, was facing threats from various enemies, such as the Crusaders from Europe, the Byzantines from Constantinople, and the Mongols from Asia. The Kayi tribe, along with other Oghuz tribes, were loyal allies of the Seljuks and often fought on their behalf. Ertugrul proved himself to be a brave and skilled warrior from an early age, earning respect and admiration from his people.
Rise to power
According to legend, after the death of his father, Ertugrul and his followers entered the service of Alaeddin Kayqubad I, the Seljuk Sultan of Rum. The sultan rewarded him with lands in Karacadag, a mountainous area near Ankara. Ertugrul then moved his tribe to Sogut, a town on the frontier with the Byzantine Empire. He conquered Sogut and its surroundings from a local Byzantine ruler named Teokles. He also built a mosque and a madrasa (Islamic school) in Sogut, making it a center of Islamic learning and culture.
Ertugrul faced many challenges and enemies during his reign as bey. He had to defend his lands from frequent raids by the Crusaders and Byzantines. He also had to contend with rival Turkish tribes who envied his success and power. He formed alliances with other Muslim states and leaders, such as Sultan Kaykhusraw II of Rum, Emir Sadettin Kopek of Dulkadir, and Sheikh Edebali of Bilecik. He also supported Ibn Arabi, a famous Sufi mystic and scholar who visited Sogut several times.
One of Ertugrul's most formidable foes was the Mongol Empire, which had conquered most of Asia and was advancing towards Anatolia. Ertugrul resisted their invasion and fought against them in several battles. He also helped other Turkish tribes who were oppressed by the Mongols. He is said to have saved Osman Gazi (Osman I), his youngest son who was born around 1258 , from being captured by Mongol soldiers when he was a child.
Legacy
Ertugrul Ertugrul died in 1281, at the age of 83, and was buried in Sogut. He was succeeded by his son Osman I, who continued his father's legacy and expanded the Kayi principality into the Ottoman Empire. The empire lasted for over six centuries and reached its peak of power and glory under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century. The empire collapsed after World War I and was replaced by the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923.
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Ertugrul is widely revered as a hero and a symbol of courage, justice, and faith by Turks and Muslims around the world. He is also a popular subject of art, literature, and media. His life and achievements have been depicted in various books, poems, plays, and films. One of the most famous and successful adaptations is the Turkish historical drama series Dirilis: Ertugrul (Resurrection: Ertugrul), which has been watched by millions of viewers in Turkey and abroad.
Conclusion
Ertugrul Ghazi was a remarkable leader who laid the foundations for the Ottoman Empire, one of the greatest civilizations in history. He was a brave warrior who fought against the enemies of Islam and a wise ruler who established a prosperous and peaceful state. He was also a devout Muslim who followed the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah. He was a loyal son, a loving father, and a generous friend. He left behind a legacy that inspires and influences millions of people today.
FAQs
Who is Ertugrul Ghazi?
Ertugrul Ghazi was a 13th-century Turkish warrior who is widely regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Empire.
What tribe did Ertugrul belong to?
Ertugrul belonged to the Kayi tribe of the Oghuz Turks, who migrated from Central Asia to Anatolia.
Where did Ertugrul live and rule?
Ertugrul lived and ruled in Sogut, a town on the border with the Byzantine Empire.
Who was Ertugrul's son?
Ertugrul's son was Osman I, who succeeded him as the bey of the Kayis and expanded their domains into the Ottoman Empire.
How did Ertugrul die?
Ertugrul died in 1281, at the age of 83, and was buried in Sogut. 44f88ac181
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